Oil Heat Exchanger/Gas Heat Exchanger Application in Petroleum Refinery
A heat exchanger is an equipment designed to transfer heat efficiently between two different mediums, which can either be in direct contact or separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing. This device finds wide applications in various industries, including space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power generation, chemical, petrochemical, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment.
The petroleum refining industry is a classic example of the utilization of heat exchangers. In this industry, crude oil is refined using fractional distillation to produce more useful petroleum products like gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, kerosene, asphalt base, and liquefied petroleum gas.
The separation of components of crude oil can be achieved by utilizing the differences in their boiling points. The process of fractional distillation involves heating the crude oil to vaporize it and then condensing the vapor at different levels of the distillation tower, depending on their boiling points. The resulting products are called fractions.
Heat exchangers play a crucial role in the preheating of feedstock in distillation towers and refinery processes, ensuring that they reach the required reaction temperatures. Heat exchangers use either steam or hot hydrocarbon transferred from other parts of the process as heat input. A fraction obtained from crude oil can be classified into two categories: Refined Products and Petrochemical Products.
Refined Products are fractions containing a variety of individual hydrocarbons, including gasoline, asphalt, waxes, and lubricants. On the other hand, Petrochemical Products are fractions consisting of one or two specific hydrocarbons of high purity, such as benzene, toluene, and ethylene.